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Japans Purple Machine Essay -- Codes Communications Papers

Japan's Purple Machine Codes and figures have assumed numerous critical jobs in the previous 3000 years, ensuring the privileged insights of caesars and laymen. In World War II various countries utilized cryptographic frameworks to hide their mystery aims and plans from according to adversaries all over. Cryptanalysts, nonetheless, determined by the multifaceted nature of the crypto-frameworks, worked tenaciously, attempting to discover any kind of shortcoming that would permit a break into the figure and uncover the privileged insights contained inside. During the late 1930s two countries, Japan and the United States, were in a condition of extreme dealings with respect to different political clashes. The US attempting to in a roundabout way help the Allies set various conditions for Japan that kept her from accepting essential assets and setting out on its settled upon strategic its European companions. Amidst this, a machine figure, codenamed Purple was playing out an essential job in the war making str ategies for both Japan and the United States. A once in a while recounted anecdote about a mystery activity in the US associated with breaking Japan's most secure crypto-framework uncovers a genuinely exceptional arrangement of occasions that molded the result of WWII, yet additionally initiated the dispatch of various knowledge organizations for ensuring the residents of its countries and forestalling shock assaults, for example, the one on Pearl Harbor. Japan's New Cipher Machine In the mid 1930s, the Japanese Navy bought a business variant of the German Enigma and continued to adjust it by including highlights which improved its security (Kahn 6). The framework that advanced was one of the most secure cryptographic machines on the planet. The machine was codenamed Red by the US government and was utilized to scramble the most significant level ... ...ng. Walk 01, 2004. http://www.faircount.com/web04/pearlharbor/pdfs/codebreakers.pdf Incubate, A. David. Mystery and Purple: How the Allies Broke German and Japanese Codes During the War. Walk 06, 2004. http://cadigweb.ew.usna.edu/Lwdj/papers/cryptoday/incubate j,urple.ps Kahn, David. The Codebreakers. New York: Scribner, 1996. Kurzeja, Karen. Pearl Harbor and Ciphering Methods. Walk 1, 2004. http://raphael.math.uic.edu/Jeremy/tomb/contrib/kurzeja.html Momsen, Bill. Codebreaking and Secret Weapons in World War II. Walk 07, 2004. http://home.earthlink.net/â€nbrassl/3enigma.htm Perloff, James. Pearl Harbor. The New American. December 8, 1986. http://www.thenewamerican.com/offices/include/l 999/070499.htm Youthful, Frank Pierce. Fire and Blame at Pearl Harbor. The Responsibility Question. Walk 01, 2004. http://www.microworks.net/pacific/exceptional/flamel.htm

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Peace in the Middle East Essays - 1089 Words

The text begins its history with the Middle East around the time of Muhammad and the creation of Islam. From that time forth uprisings, demonstrations and acts of violence were commonplace and have continued to be since that time. To dig a little deeper and go back a little further in Middle East history one will find that this pattern of unrest stems from as far back as proof provides. To see a timeline of significant wars or battles of the Middle East, the picture is better illustrated on just how long this territory of earth has been in domestic or national conflict. The text briefly touches base on societal life before Islam when explaining how villages handled domestic disputes or punishments for crime. According to times then, it†¦show more content†¦Frequent discussions about the possibility of peace in the Middle East often route into the subject of Islam and the inability or lack of desire of the Middle East countries to separate state from religion. It is common to hear arguments blame â€Å"Islamic extremists† for the unsettled atmosphere of the Middle East. Where in some instances this may be accurate, it is highly inaccurate in most cases; but I would like to emphasize the word some. Going back to the timeline of the Middle East disputes, we can see that majority of these battles were not established out of religious means. Most were catapulted from land, tax, and regime issues. Take the Wars of the Hellenistic Monarchies in Syria in 318-170 B.C. for example. This is a demonstration of generations of war between the Sele ucids and Ptolemy’s in an effort to gain control of Syria. Does this differ in comparison to the decades long Palestinian/Israeli war? Not much. The only difference is that peace is on the world’s radar as something to strive for and ultimately achieve. As the Middle East continues to repeat history for very similar principles, the rest of the world is left wondering when it will all end; when in fact, the rest of the world’s countries and continents have all had a very similar history of conflict as well. Although the Middle East represents one of the oldest territories in the world, comparison of timeline battles to other countries is a bitShow MoreRelatedThe Peace Of The Middle East1445 Words   |  6 Pagesstate in the Middle East, there has been no time of peace between the many nations. After Israel was declared a nation, it was immediately rejected by the Palestinians and they rejected the partition of Palestine. Ever since then, Israel has been at war with its surrounding Middle Eastern neighbors multiple times. There has been a multitude of attempts to try and broker a peace throughout the Middle East and not a single plan has stood the test of time. The most noteworthy of these peace plan attemptsRead MorePeace in the Middle East1032 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst violent extremism in the Middle East. The President spoke about the great new era that is unfolding, founded on the equality of all people before God. This new era offers hope for the millions across the Middle East who seek a future of peace, progress, and opportunity. Unfortunately, these aspirations for liberty and justice are being threatened by extremists who murder the innocent in pursuit of power. Extremists Are Fomenting Instability In The Middle East One cause of instability isRead MorePeace in the Middle East Essay1991 Words   |  8 PagesPeace in the Middle East There will never be peace in the Middle East. The idea of peace in a certain region is a silly notion. What region has truly ever known peace? Allow me to rephrase my thesis: There will never be peace in the Middle East as long as western powers intervene into Arab affairs. It is common knowledge that throughout history western powers have colonized, occupied, and exploited indigenous people in the name of national interest, national security, and manifest destiny.Read MoreEssay on Will There Be Peace in the Middle East1461 Words   |  6 PagesIs peace possible in the Middle East? This question weighs heavy on the minds of many individuals and international players. Turmoil and conflict in the Middle East not only affects the people inhabiting this region, but also has global consequences. To answer this question, one must analyze the sources of conflict in the Middle East, historically, currently, and in the future. The limited amount of natural resources in this region has argua bly served as the most major source of conflict in the MiddleRead MoreThe Middle East Peace Process1849 Words   |  8 Pages This investigation will closely examine and show a detailed evaluation and explanation of the role played by Jimmy Carter in the Middle East peace process and will answer the question: For what reasons and in what ways did President Carter mediate the Camp David Accords and set the precedent for future peace agreement between the Arab World and Israel? The primary sources which will be evaluated are a biography of the life of Carter, which unfolds in an orderly manner the events that led up toRead MoreCan Peace in the Middle East Exist?1532 Words   |  7 PagesWill there or can there be peace in the Middle East? My answer may seem very contradictory but in my essay you will understand why. No there cant be any peace in the Middle East. Yes there will be peace in the Middle East. Peace will come only with Christs return. The very origin of Arabs began with Ishmael. God had given Abraham a promise of a son. Yet instead of waiting on God Sarah grew impatient and gave her handmaid to her husband to bare him a child because she was barren. I guessRead More The Middle East Peace Process Essay5569 Words   |  23 Pagesthe citizens of the Middle East have lived in the midst of death and fear. The hatred of a few holds the hopes of many hostage. The forces of extremism and terror are attempting to kill progress and peace by killing the innocent. And this casts a dark shadow over an entire region, President George W. Bush in his June 24, 2002 address to the nation. The conflict between Israel and Palestine is just one of the many facets that have shaped modern day politics in the Middle East. It is a conflictRead MoreThere Will Never Be Peace in the Middle East Essay1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of peace has been on the mind of historians, political leaders, and the general public for as long as our history has been recorded. Will there ever be peace in the Middle East? Will the age old battles, both foreign and domestic ever end? This question, pondered on throughout decades of Western civilization, has both a simple answer and a complex reasoning. To even begin to uncover the answer, one must understand the conflict and its deeply rooted origins to even draw a hypothesis of theRead MoreStrategic Piece Of Middle East Peace1189 Words   |  5 PagesStrategic Piece to Middle East Peace Over the past thousand years, Oman has occupied a key strategic space in the Middle East stratum. With its vast mountain ranges, desert terrain, and steep cliffs along the coast, Oman over the years has proven to be very difficult to invade. This has allowed Oman to repel the majority of attacks from foreign militaries and maintain their sovereignty. The Southern and Eastern coastline of the country represents the key that makes Oman so important to the strengthRead MoreThe Reasons Behind the Difficulties of Bringing Peace to the Middle East1179 Words   |  5 PagesThe Reasons Behind the Difficulties of Bringing Peace to the Middle East A major source of conflict in the Middle East during the last fifty years has been the dispute between Arabs and Jews over Palestine. For hundreds of years, the great majority of the people living in Palestine were Arabs. But at the end of the nineteenth century some Jews in Europe were becoming increasingly bitter about growing anti-Semitism. They started to talk about setting up a state of their

Was Appeasement Justified - 842 Words

Was Appeasement a ‘Mistake’? H/W 07.03.13 There are many arguments for and against appeasement before WW2. Appeasement was a policy between Britain, France and Germany. The policy meant that the allies would give Germany what they wanted as long as they didn’t start a war or cause trouble. The Dictionary definition of appeasement is: (Government, Politics amp; Diplomacy) the policy of acceding to the demands of a potentially hostile nation in the hope of maintaining peace. Many people now oppose the policy but not many people did at the time apart from the MP Winston Churchill. An argument for appeasement is that Germany deserved to have a better deal as The Treaty of Versailles, many British people thought, was too harsh. If†¦show more content†¦So each time he did an act of aggression and nobody did anything, he asked himself â€Å"Can I get away with even more?!† And of course he could. It is thought that Hitler was very nervous about taking soldiers into the Rhineland, but when nobody did anything he grew in confidence, and this encouraged him to make more demands for land. As well as this another reason against appeasement was that every time Germany took land, they got stronger, consequently becoming harder to defeat. So in some way Britain and France were helping (in the long term) Germany by giving things that helped them in the war. Many people think that the allies should have just have faced the music and fought the war there and then while Germany weren’t as strong as they were becoming. Moreover the appeasement scared th e Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). When Germany invaded Czechoslovakia France and Britain did not do anything hence why the USSR reached an agreement with Germany called the Nazi-Soviet Pact. The pact meant that Germany and Russia would not go to war with each other and invade Poland together and spilt it between the two countries. Hitler would never of been able to invade Poland if it meant getting past the USSR. Also Hitler always had one aim: Conquer the East. The allies should of know what Hitler was going to do, as he made it very in his speeches and letters that nothing was going to stopShow MoreRelatedJustifying Appeasement Essay example1192 Words   |  5 PagesJustifying Appeasement Appeasement was the foreign policy followed by the British and French governments in the 1930s, whereby they did not attack or confront other governments, specifically that of Germanys, when international laws were breached, but rather gave into some of the demands to keep the peace. After the horror and dramatic loss of innocent lives (amassing over 3 million) in the First World War, both the French and the British governments were keenRead MoreTo What Extent Was the Policy of Appeasement the Main Cause for the Outbreak of War in Europe in 1939?1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe policy of appeasement was widely pursued by Britain and France in the 1930s, when it referred to attempting to satisfy Germanys demands by negotiation and compromise, which would avoid war. However due to its failure the policy of appeasement, to a large extent was responsible for the outbreak of war in 1939. It is clear that if the Western Powers had retaliated against Hitler, war could have been avoided, it encouraged Hitler, Hitler could never be appeased, and that it prompted the Nazi-SovietRead MoreChamberlains Policy Toward Germany Essays816 Words   |  4 PagesChamberlains Policy Toward Germany Appeasement is the term used to describe the foreign policies of the British Conservative governments of Baldwin (1935-37) and Chamberlain (1937-40) and also those of France and America to a lesser extent. Appeasement involved making concessions to the two main dictators of Europe; Hitler and Mussolini. Hitler broke many of the stipulations of the Treaty of Versailles, yet nothing active was done, there was only spoken denunciation of his Read MoreCorinthians vs. Spartans Essay1366 Words   |  6 Pagesempire’s reason to attack a potential antagonist. An empire’s decision to preemptively attack is justified because the strategy deters a growing antagonist from attacking the empire and its allies. The Spartan inability to acknowledge Athenian aggression threatens the peace of the Peloponnesian alliance. The Corinthains initiate their position by addressing the ignorance of Sparta. â€Å"Time after time was our voice raised to warn you of the blows about to be dealt us by Athens, and time after timeRead MoreCanadian Foreign Policy of the 1930s: Comparison of Articles1220 Words   |  5 PagesExternal Policy, 1931-1939, noted that the policy of appeasement as part of a path to war was adopted by the then Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. These were however largely for self-interest reasons. On the contrary the view presented by Norman Hillmer in his Defence and Ideology: The Anglo-Canadian Military Alliance in the 1930s work that stated that a leaders hesitancy to be duly engaged in European affairs is mainly justified by the weakness in public support for various issuesRead MoreThe League Of Nations Of The United States1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe League of Nations, established in 1920, was in some respects responsible for the outbreak of war in 1939. Many argue it was the sole reason for the war; however it only played a small role in the already critical situation in Europe in the 1930’s. The policy of Appeasement, fascist ideologies throughout Germany and Italy and the Nazi-soviet Aggression pact were all, in their own respect responsible for the outbreak of war in 1939. The League of Nations played a small role in the outbreak ofRead MoreCauses Of The Treaty Of Versailles1418 Words   |  6 PagesVersailles, the rise of Hitler and National Socialism in Germany, the system of allies, and the greed and desire for expansion all brought this epic war upon the world. One cause was the Treaty of Versailles (1919). The Treaty of Versailles, signed June 28th, 1919, was created at the end of the First World War. The treaty was presented by the Allied powers, primarily the â€Å"Big Three† consisting of France, Britain, and the United States. The Treaty of Versailles created as many problems as it resolvedRead MoreThe Taming Of General Macarthur1712 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican foreign policy with his own hands by directly going against Truman s orders, which could have potentially escalated the conflict in Korea to World War III, President Harry S, was justified in relieving General Douglas MacArthur from his command of the U.S. forces in Korea. First of all, Truman s actions were justified by the fact that MacArthur s speeches and public statements spread around the world an incorrect position of U.S foreign policy in Korea, Li 2 which ended up causing many seriousRead MoreCauses of American Involvement in WWII Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pageson US soil was a pivotal beginning to the war for the United States. There were many reasons for the United States to get involved into the war and help its allies, but it was Pearl Harbor which forced us into it. Because of Pearl Harbor, Hitler and the crimes against humanity that he committed it justified United States entry into the war. But why did it even happen in the first place? The world was going to war again for the second time in 27 years(1). Economic depression was going on throughoutRead MoreMajor Cause Of World War Two ( 1939-1945 )1029 Words   |  5 Pageswithdrawing from the League of nations, Hitler s planned to strengthen the military and his troops entered Frances’ neighbor, Rhineland, in 1936. Germany now began forced anschluss, in other words, propaganda for annexing Austria (1938). Hitler justified this is an an act to restore all germans into one single homeland. Not wanting any military confrontation yet, European major powers (France and Britain) did nothing. In the same fashion, Hitler did this in Sudetenland, western Czechoslovakia and

Social Responsibility in Business Free Essays

In examining the mission statements of multiple companies, it is apparent that corporations claim to prioritize social responsibility. Companies like Whole Foods, Ben Jerry’s, Camano Island Coffee Roasters all actively contribute to different social causes. Even Philip Morris prioritizes â€Å"actively [participating] in societal concerns that are relevant to [its] businesses† over generating returns for its stockholders (Philip Morris, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Social Responsibility in Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many different views on the extent to which corporations should be involved in societal concerns. The three most prominent are the stockholder theory, the concept of social business, and the stakeholder theory. Of these, the stakeholder theory is the most appropriate. Because corporations are considered to be individuals within our society, they bear a certain amount of responsibility to their fellow citizens, so it is not enough for them to act only in the interest of their stockholders. However, corporations are entitled to earn profits, and therefore cannot be expected to act as purely social businesses. Consequently, businesses must look for a happy medium within the stakeholder theory, acting in the interests of the stockholders, customers, employees and civil society. Milton Friedman, a major proponent of the stockholder theory, argues that beyond legal compliance, â€Å"the social responsibility of business is to increase its profits,† meaning corporations hold responsibilities only to their shareholders and the law (Friedman, 1970). One of the main points he addresses is the fact that when a company manager spends the company’s money on a social cause, he/she takes away from the maximum possible returns to the stockholders. In addition to taking from the stockholders, the price of the product may rise, taking away from the consumer, or wages might fall, taking away from the employees. Because of this, the manager â€Å"is in effect imposing taxes, on the one hand, and deciding how the tax proceeds shall be spent, on the other† (Friedman, 1970). Friedman claims taxes are the responsibility of the government and giving the corporation’s money to a social cause is a form of taxation without representation. This would be the case if the manager were merely donating the funds to a cause of his/her choosing. However, Camano Island Coffee Roasters (CICR) supports its own industry by ensuring that they participate in Fair Trade. In addition to participating in Fair Trade, CICR helps the coffee farmers by making sure they own the land they work, as well as helping to keep their children well nourished (Gunter, 2007). By helping the farmers from whom CICR buys its coffee, it ensures that it can use â€Å"the top 1% of the available coffee market† (Gunter, 2007). As a result of its acts of altruism, Camano Island Coffee Roasters has been able to ensure a top quality product and consequently has been a very successful corporation. Friedman’s theory is also similar to the â€Å"trickle-down† theory. He believes that by maximizing profits, corporations will help the less fortunate by providing better goods and services as well as higher wages. However, like the â€Å"trickle-down† theory, the result is the CEOs of corporations make millions of dollars, whereas the lower level employees barely make enough to survive. Ben and Jerry’s is a perfect example of a company that does not abide by Friedman’s philosophy, and yet has been extraordinarily successful. They manage to provide the highest quality product possible, in addition to paying their employees what they call â€Å"living wage,† making sure the lowest paid employees are still making well above the minimum wage (LEDA article). For Ben and Jerry’s, the tax, as Friedman would call it, is taken from the highest paid employees of the company. An article reviewing Ben and Jerry’s business ethics says: â€Å"Consistent with [their mission for social responsibility], the highest paid employees of Ben Jerry’s would not earn more than seven times more than the lowest paid full-time employees† (LEDA article). Despite the success of socially responsible corporations, Friedman would argue that these companies would have had greater success if they had focused solely on turning higher profits. Therefore it is critical to consider the possibilities for corporations to act in an unethical manner even when complying with Friedman’s philosophy. When Ford released the Pinto, it was aware of the potential for customers to be killed due to a flaw in the Pinto’s design. Despite this knowledge, based on a cost-benefit analysis, Ford determined it would be less costly to deal with the law suits brought by people who were injured or killed rather than to recall and fix each car. Ford was well within the legal requirements for car safety at the time and legally sold the Pinto, despite the danger. However, by not considering the consequences of its actions beyond just the financial, Ford was responsible for over fifty deaths (American Decades, 2001). According to Friedman, this decision to value profit over human lives was perfectly ethical. On the other side of the pectrum from the stockholder-oriented philosophy is a new field of business called social business. By definition, a social business is a non-loss, non-dividend company whose focus is not on profits, but on furthering a social cause (Yunus, 2010). Nobel Peace prize laureate Muhammad Yunus is the founder of this field of corporate social responsibility. In 2006, Yunus collaborated with a Frenc h food company called Danone to launch the first social business, Grameen Danone. Its mission is to provide children in rural Bangladesh with nutrients that are lacking from their diet. An article on the Danone website says: â€Å"the success of the project will above all be judged on non-financial criteria: the number of direct and indirect jobs created (milk producers, small wholesalers, door to door sellers), improvements to children’s health, protection of the environment etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Danone, 2011). However, based on the way we currently measure the success of corporations, Grameen Danone would appear to be a very unsuccessful business. Do social businesses and non-profit organizations necessitate a change in the conventional methods of determining the success of a corporation? It is highly unlikely that many corporations will adopt such a radical method as social business. Therefore, while social businesses should be commended, and even used as inspiration, for their contribution to society, it is more reasonable for corporations to focus on the interests of both their stockholders and community. R. Edward Freeman is one of the founders of the stakeholder theory, which says that companies hold responsibilities to five main groups including shareholders, consumers and the general public. Unlike social business, Freeman’s stakeholder theory is not meant to be a foil to the stockholder theory, but instead, Freeman argues that the views of both Friedman and Yunus are just narrower versions of the stakeholder theory (Theoretical and Pedagogical Issues). Freeman says that in modern society businesses must consider multiple stakeholders when making decisions. Whole Foods provides an example of a company which takes into account more than just making profits. Whole Foods purchases its products from local farmers despite the fact that this raises the costs of its goods. Even though this may hurt its checkbook, Whole Foods is able to sell healthier and higher quality products while also supporting its local community. In addition to performing altruistic acts, many of Whole Foods’ customers are loyal because of its ethical methods of doing business (Conversation with John Mackey, 2011). Whole Foods also goes beyond merely making profits by creating trust with its employees. When executing a merger with the company Wild Oats, Whole Foods needed to close down many of the Wild Oats locations because they were in markets where there were already Whole Foods stores located. However, instead of firing the Wild Oats workers, Whole Foods offered solid job security and alternate positions at the existing Whole Foods locations. In an interview, in regards to the job security offered to Wild Oats employees, Whole Foods CEO John Mackey said, â€Å"First of all, that’s the right thing to do, and secondly, if people have a lot of anxiety that they could lose their jobs, that inhibits their ability to learn and adapt. I feel you’ve got to offer security if you want to get people to move forward. Otherwise they’re too scared. † (John Mackey Interview, 2008) Not only does this stakeholder approach to business result in societally beneficial actions, but it also leads to more efficient, harder working employees. However, there are problems with the stakeholder approach to business ethics. Many argue that an adoption of stakeholder theory, over stockholder, would â€Å"[undermine] shareholder property rights†¦ and discourage equity investment† (Ethics Gone Wrong, 2000). Advocates of this concept claim that because corporations must cater to the needs of groups other than their shareholders, the â€Å"potential of [the stockholders’] investment†¦ diminishes significantly† (Ethics Gone Wrong, 2000). Contrary to this idea, investment vehicles like the Calvert Investment Mutual Fund provide â€Å"investment portfolios that integrate two distinct research frameworks: a rigorous review of financial performance, and a thorough assessment of environmental, social and governance performance. † (Calvert Investments, 2011). The success of the Calvert Mutual Fund provides evidence that even when considering corporations that apply stakeholder-oriented business practices, the value and â€Å"trade-ability† of equity capital does not diminish. Therefore, even if most corporations adopt a stakeholder-oriented perspective, the effects on the stock market and on equity capital will be much less severe than critics predict. Another issue often addressed by critics of the stakeholder theory is that an adoption of the stakeholder philosophy would result in an increase in self-serving behavior among managers. This is because managers will be able to appeal to the conflicting demands of different stakeholders in order to circumvent certain responsibilities, as well as indulge in self-serving behaviors. Advocates of stockholder-oriented business claim that adopting the stakeholder philosophy will not only multiply the amount of self-serving managers, but will also make it even more difficult to discipline such behavior. Alexei M. Marcoux, a critic of the stakeholder theory, says, â€Å"Between the ability of managers to justify their self-serving behavior in terms of the balanced pursuit of stakeholder interests†¦ and the protections that a stakeholder-oriented corporate law must afford to managers†¦ the accountability of managers for their actions must necessarily suffer. (Ethics Gone Wrong, 2000). However, if firms are so intent on adhering to a strict ethical code, there will be internal means by which such dishonorable behavior can be disciplined. Furthermore, in the hiring process, firms will ensure that managers will not act in self-serving ways, but instead maintain high ethical standards. Among the various philosophies regarding the social responsibility of busine sses there is a spectrum ranging from exclusively profit-oriented to solely serving the community. However, because corporations are considered individuals within our society, it is incumbent upon them to use their position to achieve a balance between the responsibilities they hold to their shareholders and the responsibilities they hold to the other member of the society. Therefore, corporations should adhere to stakeholder-oriented business ethics. Bibliography: Yunus, Mohammad. Building Social Business. New York, NY: PublicAffairs, 2010. Print. â€Å"The Ford Pinto Case. †Ã‚  American Decades. 2001. Encyclopedia. com. 5 May. 2011  http://www. encyclopedia. om. Makower, Joel. â€Å"Milton Friedman and the Social Responsibility of Business. †Ã‚  World Changing(2006): n. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. http://www. worldchanging. com/archives/005373. html. Marcoux, Alexei. â€Å"Business Ethics Gone Wrong. â€Å"CATO Institute  22. 3 (2000): n. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. http://www. cato. org/pubs/policy_report/v22n3/cpr-22n3. html. Hooker, John. â€Å"Why Business Ethics?. † (2003): n. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. http://web. tepper. cmu. edu/ethics/whybizethics. pdf. Freeman, Edward, Ramakrishna Velamuri, and Brian Moriarty. Company Stakeholder Responsibility: A New Approach to CSR. †Ã‚  Business Roundtable Institute for Corporate Ethics  (2006): n. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. http://www. darden. virginia. edu/corporate-ethics/pdf/csr. pdf. Fassin, Yves. â€Å"The Stakeholder Model Re? ned. â€Å"Journal of Business Ethics  83. (2006): 113-135. Web. 5 May 2011. http://www. austincc. edu/njacobs/1370_Ethics/Ethics_Articles/Stakeholder. pdf. Tupate, Patel. â€Å"Ben Jerry’s a Moo-del of Corporate Social Responsibility. †Ã‚  LEDA  n. pag. LEDA at Harvard Law School. Web. 5 May 2011. http://leda. law. harvard. edu/leda/data/236/Patel,_Tupate_-_Paper. html. Gunter, Marie. â€Å"Fair Trade or Fairly Traded?. â€Å"Articlesbase. 2007. Web. 5 May 2011. http://www. articlesbase. com/environment-articles/fair-trade-or-fairly-traded-fair-economy-promoters-share-views-with-onegreenglobecom-community-253833. html. Freeman, Edward, Andrew Wicks, and Thomas Jones. â€Å"Stakeholder Theory: The State of the Art. â€Å"Theoretical and Pedagogical Issues  n. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. http://www. blackwellpublishing. om/content/BPL_Images/Content_store/Sample_chapter/0631221220%5Cbowie. pdf. â€Å"Public Trust in Business- John Mackey of Whole Foods. †Ã‚  Business Ethics and Leadership. Web. 5 May 2011. http://josephsoninstitute. org/business/blog/tag/r-edward-freeman/. Danone Website: http://www. danone. com/en/what-s-new/focus-4. html Calvert Investments Website: http://www. calvert. com/products-funds-by-sri-approach. html Philip morris Website: htt p://www. philipmorrisusa. com/en/cms/Company/Mission_Values/default. aspx? src=top_nav How to cite Social Responsibility in Business, Papers

The Effects of Hip Hop Music free essay sample

The Effects of Hip Hop Music on Todays Youth If a person was born anywhere between the 1980s to the 1990s, he or she is considered a part of the Hip Hop Generation. Music is a gift that has been given to us, but the question is, where is hip hop music going? Hip-hop is now one of the biggest and fastest growing businesses in the world. Its creativity in sound, and its lyrics have impressed and empowered many of todays youth. But is hip-hop music taking todays youths where they need to be? Lyrically, some of hip-hops most popular songs and musicians have negatively influenced violence, drugs, alcohol, sex, disrespect for authority, and disrespect for woman. For many young children and teenagers, this type of music can create an environment that can become detrimental to their lives and education. Parents teach their children to say no to drugs but the rappers whom children look up to are rapping about using drugs and imply that its okay to use them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Hip Hop Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, children will listen to the side that has the most influential power to them. Many who constantly rewind a song and memorize the lyrics, are equally influenced just as if they were placed directly in front of the violence and sex and observed them. Statistics has proven that many nightclubs that have had violence occur in them have been playing violent hip-hop music. Hip-hop is like a strong tornado that constantly sweeps us up and spits us back out. But whom its sweeping up are the ones who cannot handle the fall once they are thrown back out. Hip-hop will become better once the artists not only think of their pockets but their listeners, who after all, are listening the most! The Negative Impact Of Rap Music On TodayS Youth The Negative Impact of Rap Music on Todays Youth Todays rap music has changed dramatically since the 1970s. Rap music has become the most popular type of music in the U. S. Rap music can give people entertainment and can also tell a story in someones life. According to the American Heritage Dictionary, rap music is defined as, a style of music associated with urban street gangs and characterized by violent, tough talking, often misogynistic lyrics (Miffin, 2000). Rap music was formed in the mid-1970 among the youth in South Bronx and rap artists like, Afrika Bambata, Kool Herc, and Grandmaster Flash. Do to the enormous popularity of Run DMC; rap had crossed over on the music charts and radio stations all over the world (Toms, 2006, p1). Rap music was about having fun, being able to express what youth were feeling and a way to keep youth out of trouble. There are many youth that find rap music an exceptional source of entertainment. According to McGarrell, the lyrics in rap music can leave one relaxed or with vibrant beats. However, rap music has changed dramatically in the past 30 years. Some would say that rap music is the common entertainment to blame for violence in todays youth, because of the contents in its lyrics; degrading videos to women; and the over exposed feuding between rap artists. The glorification of living a thug life, and all it is encompassed, became the means by which all rap artists were judged.

Free Essays on Autoparts Sales & Inventory Management Data Model

Abstract / Introduction: The selling of automotive aftermarket replacement parts is both a retail enterprise selling to consumers and a wholesale operation selling parts to repair shops and other resellers. In consideration of the diverse customer base, this data model will be developed so that sales of auto parts either retail or wholesale can be recorded and tracked electronically. In addition, stock inventory levels will be monitored electronically with this model and an automated stock replenishment mechanism implemented. Due to time constraints this model will be a stripped down version only pertaining to the sales and inventory functions. The current design does allow for further development and the addition of other components. Since the heart of an auto parts store is in its inventory of parts we will begin with an explanation of how the inventory is managed. By the use of the MinQuantity field in the Inventory table the system will be able to indicate a low stock level once the quantity in stock is equal to or less than the minimum quantity specified by the MinQuantity attribute. At this point a View for Inventory can be generated to display inventory items whose quantity levels are below their specified minimum. This Reorder_View can be used by the system to generate purchase orders to vendors whose contact data and address are stored in the table named ‘Vendor’. Just as the Inventory table contains all the attributes for any given part the Vendor tabled does the same for all vendors. To complete the description of the model that will be created we will now discuss the sales tracking process. Once a sale is made, a record of that sale is recorded in the Daily_Sales table. A transaction number to be associated with this sale will be generated then used as part of the identifier for this sale. The store number and part number are also part of this unique identifier. From this record a sales invoice/r... Free Essays on Autoparts Sales & Inventory Management Data Model Free Essays on Autoparts Sales & Inventory Management Data Model Abstract / Introduction: The selling of automotive aftermarket replacement parts is both a retail enterprise selling to consumers and a wholesale operation selling parts to repair shops and other resellers. In consideration of the diverse customer base, this data model will be developed so that sales of auto parts either retail or wholesale can be recorded and tracked electronically. In addition, stock inventory levels will be monitored electronically with this model and an automated stock replenishment mechanism implemented. Due to time constraints this model will be a stripped down version only pertaining to the sales and inventory functions. The current design does allow for further development and the addition of other components. Since the heart of an auto parts store is in its inventory of parts we will begin with an explanation of how the inventory is managed. By the use of the MinQuantity field in the Inventory table the system will be able to indicate a low stock level once the quantity in stock is equal to or less than the minimum quantity specified by the MinQuantity attribute. At this point a View for Inventory can be generated to display inventory items whose quantity levels are below their specified minimum. This Reorder_View can be used by the system to generate purchase orders to vendors whose contact data and address are stored in the table named ‘Vendor’. Just as the Inventory table contains all the attributes for any given part the Vendor tabled does the same for all vendors. To complete the description of the model that will be created we will now discuss the sales tracking process. Once a sale is made, a record of that sale is recorded in the Daily_Sales table. A transaction number to be associated with this sale will be generated then used as part of the identifier for this sale. The store number and part number are also part of this unique identifier. From this record a sales invoice/r...

World Hunger Essay

World Hunger Essay World Hunger Essay World hunger essay An estimated 24000 people die from hunger so a world hunger essay should start by pointing out that hunger is an important issue in third world countries. A global problem A good way to start a world hunger essay is to give a birds eye view on the issue of hunger by referring to hunger statistics the world over. It makes sense to start a world hunger essay with statistics from countries that are most vulnerable to food shortages. One of the greatest anti-hunger advocates - Sir John Boyar examined how hunger is a thorn in the side of all Third World counties and tried to offer solutions as the director-general of the UNs Food and Agriculture Organization. One of the first things we have to do he said is to stop viewing food as any other commodity and to see it as an essential to life. Move over Im famished! A world hunger essay can also examine some of the worlds most devastating famines and how they could have been avoided. Develop the topic After giving the statistics the next thing your world hunger essay should do is to examine the causes for hunger and starvation. These can be as diverse as:Large population Free trade Viewing food as a means to earn money rather than to sustain life Ending on a hopeful note How can the problem of world hunger be solved? End by offering possible solutions to the problem. What active steps have been taken by the government of various nations to fight world hunger? What is the United Nations doing to get food for the needy? These are some of the points a thought provoking world hunger essay should touch upon. Lastly a world hunger essay would do well to analyze some sociological theories on dependency that can change the face of world hunger and make it smile. Farmers from the third world should be discouraged from sending all their produce to other countries for profit. The world would fare better if everyone realized that feeding the hungry is more important than money in the bank. Since a starving nation cannot be a productive one. These are some of the points to be covered in a good world hunger essay.

Related to Bussiness Ethics (see the assignment creteria) Essay

Related to Bussiness Ethics (see the assignment creteria) - Essay Example Since 1999 Microsoft has been at the centre of a number of legal disputes with both the US Government and the European Commission. At the heart of the disagreements have been accusations that Microsoft had been exploiting its monopoly power in order to reduce competition, and consequently choice, in the marketplace. Microsoft was accused of anti competitive behavior in the United States and had severe financial penalties inflicted on them in an anti trust law court action in Europe. Whilst the financial penalties were relatively easy for Microsoft to bear, the company continued to face accusations of poor ethics and unfair tactics) In your opinion, how important is it to stakeholders in a company that the ethics of the CEO match those of the organization? Explain your answer with reference to Bill Gates during his tenure as CEO at Microsoft. How well a business corporation performs in financial terms is significant for a broad group of people that includes potential/existing investors, creditors, employees or managers. With differing information needs and purposes, each category of stakeholders should be provided with data that is comprehensive, relevant and reliable, so as to allow an informed opinion to be reached on the corporations financial performance. However, all too often, the customer is left out of this equation. The situation is no different in the case of Microsoft Corporation, which has tremendous reach and market share, but whose customers have very little say in the affairs of the company. Bill Gates’ personal efforts as a philanthropist is widely appreciated,– both in terms of money and energy. Yet, the history of Microsoft since its inception shows that the organization is a purely economic enterprise, whose sole purpose is profits and whose foresight stops with the next quarter. This dev iation in behavior between the Chief Executive Officer and his organization is the

Fundamental Analysis of Hewlett Packard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Fundamental Analysis of Hewlett Packard - Essay Example Acknowledging the significance of the company in its relevant field, this report aims to provide a detailed analysis of the company. This report consists of two major parts. First part of this report encompasses the qualitative information about the company, which includes objective of the company, products manufactured by the company, its target market and competitive edge. The second part incorporates the financial analysis of the company, which includes evaluation of income statement, balance sheet, cash flows and ratio analysis for the past 3 years i.e. 2011, 2010, and 2009. Based upon these analyses, recommendations will be made for investors whether or not to invest in the company. For investor relations, qualitative information is equally important as quantitative information. It allows the investors to gain insights related to the objectives and prevailing operations of the company. Investors cannot take decisions just on the basis of numeric figures. The reason is that somet imes companies manipulate their numeric figures and overstate the figures of profitability. Therefore, qualitative analysis is also studied carefully in order to provide recommendation to investors. The more a company is inclined towards expansion, the more are the chances for it to provide profits to investors. Qualitative analysis of HP has been mentioned in the subsequent sections of this paper. 2.1 Objective of the Company The primary objective of the company is to serve the technology based needs of customers. The company’s major corporate objectives include: Customer Loyalty; HP earns customer loyalty and respect by consistently providing value and the best quality Growth; HP acknowledges and grabs opportunities for growth, which builds upon their competencies and strengths. Profit; the company generates sufficient profits to create value, finance growth and achieve its corporate objectives. Market Leadership; HP leads in market place by designing and delivering innovat ive and useful products, solutions and services. Commitment to Employees; HP shows commitment towards its employees by rewarding and promoting them, based on their performance and by creating an environment that reflects their values. Global Citizenship; HP claims to fulfill its responsibility to communities by being intellectual, economic and social to where they do business. Leadership Capability; The Company claims to develop leaders who achieve business results, lead to win and grow and exemplify company’s value (HP CORPORATE OBJECTIVES AND SHARED VALUES). 2.2 Products Manufactured There are huge varieties

Imaginative Freedom of Birches :: Robert Frost Birches Essays

Imaginative Freedom of Birches        Ã‚  Ã‚   In "Birches" (Mountain Interval, 1916) Frost begins to probe the power of his redemptive imagination as it moves from its playful phase toward the brink of dangerous transcendence. The movement into transcendence is a movement into a realm of radical imaginative freedom where (because redemption has succeeded too well) all possibilities of engagement with the common realities of experience are dissolved. In its moderation, a redemptive consciousness motivates union between selves as we have seen in "The Generations of Men," or in any number of Frost's love poems. But in its extreme forms, redemptive consciousness can become self-defeating as it presses the imaginative man into deepest isolation. "Birches" begins by evoking its core image against the background of a darkly wooded landscape: When I see birches bend to left and right Across the lines of straighter darker trees, I like to think some boy's been swinging them. But swinging doesn't bend them down to stay As ice storms do. The pliable, malleable quality of the birch tree captures the poet's attention and kicks off his meditation. Perhaps young boys don't bend birches down to stay, but swing them they do and thus bend them momentarily. Those "straighter, darker trees," like the trees of "Into My Own" that "scarcely show the breeze," stand ominously free from human manipulation, menacing in their irresponsiveness to acts of the will. The malleability of the birches is not total, however, and the poet is forced to admit this fact into the presence of his desire, like it or not. The ultimate shape of mature birch trees is the work of objective natural force, not human activity. Yet after conceding the boundaries of imagination's subjective world, the poet seems not to have constricted himself but to have been released.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Often you must have seen them Loaded with ice a sunny winter morning After a rain. They click upon themselves As the breeze rises, and turn many-colored As the stir cracks and crazes their enamel. Soon the sun's warmth makes them shed crystal shells Shattering and avalanching on the snow crust-- Such heaps of broken glass to sweep away You'd think the inner dome of heaven had fallen. Fascinated as he is by the show of loveliness before him, and admiring as be is of nature as it performs the potter's art, cracking and crazing the enamel of ice coating on the birch trees, it is not finally the thing itself (the ice-coated trees) that interests the poet but the strange association be is tempted to make: "You'd think the inner dome of heaven had fallen.

Moral reasoning Essay

Moral reasoning is individual or collective practical reasoning about what, morally, one ought to do. For present purpose, we may understand issues about what is right or wrong, virtuous or vicious, as raising moral question. When we are faced with moral questions in daily life, just as when we are faced with child-rearing questions, sometimes we act impulsively or instinctively and sometimes we pause to reason about what we ought to do. Much of our reasoning comes about through are position on an issue and how are principle effects that issue. Reasoning, so understood is an intrinsically normative concept. An important implication of this is that any empirical data that shows that we consistently think in a given odd way about morality can be taken in one or two contrasting lights: it can be taken to show that, since ‘this is what we do’ this is how our moral reasoning is. Alternatively, it can be taken to show that, in the relevant range of cases, we fail to think responsibly, and hence fail to engage in moral reasoning. And empirical data does not settle this kind of normative question for us. Therefore does morality require each person to reason in the same way, on the basis of the same fundamental considerations? In an idea world, people would do the right thing simply because it is right. In the world in which we live, morality is more complex. People often disagree about what is right. Even when a consensus on moral values is reached, many find that they do not consistently live up to a moral standard. One reason for this is that most people place a high value on their own welfare. They may have moral ideals and commitments, but concern about personal well being is a powerful motivating factor. It is more powerful for some than it is for others, but few can claim to be indifferent to it. Any significant gap between the demands of ethics and the urging of self-interest, narrowly defined, creates incentive problems for individuals and for societies wishing to maintain high ethical standards. The problems arise on two levels. At the first level are the direct incentive problems or opportunism and desperation. Problems of opportunism arise when individuals willingly violate ethical norms in order to pursue opportunities for private gain. I believe an example of this is, ‘George W Bush and the invasion of Iraq’. The world was told that Suddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction, but to this day their have been no weapons of mass destruction shown to the world, rather George W Bush has gain notoriety as the president that went on to save the people of Iraq from a dictator. When analyzing this further could it be said that President Bush was concerned about is duty to protect the innocent people of Iraq or was it an opportunity to look good in the eyes of the world. What were the underlying principles. The fact that there was supposed to be the weapons of mass destruction has now faded in to obscurity. Did he yield to temptation. Or where there other principles at work. Secondly problems of desperation arise when individuals violate ethical norms to avoid loss or hardship. Even if we grant that most people place some intrinsic value on doing the right thing as they see it, sometimes the risk or the temptation is just too great. Too often we are presented with evidence from our daily lives, from news stories, and from academic research, that well-educated, apparently normal individuals can be tempted or pressured into compromising ethical standards. How then does this relate to the so-called real world? Human nature is not simple or uniformed, most people are not self centered, people often care about others. Nagel states â€Å"there’s one general argument against hurting other people which can be given to anybody who understands English (or any other language), and which seems to show that he has some reason to care about others, even if in the end his selfish motives are so strong that he persists in treating other people badly anyway†. Most people have some benevolent motivations and ethical commitments. Individuals have sympathy for the pains of others and take pleasure in others’ well being. However, this care does not typically extend to all of humankind, but only to a referent group (Hirschlieifer, 1982). The size and nature of that group varies significantly from person to person. The care also varies in intensity, depending on such things as the closeness of the relationship  with the other person, In addition to this passive care for others; people care about how they affect others. They generally do not want to cause harm, and do want to cause pleasure or satisfaction. Therefore in conclusion if most people have a benevolent motive to do the right thing in society and take pleasure in making society a happier place this would have to mean that society would need to be consistent in the way it treats people. There would be no impartiality or objectivity, all reasoning would be done from a top-down position. We would all then walk around with happy faces saying hello to all we meet, there would be no fighting anymore there would be no wars, there would be punishments that is across the board and not consider other factor into play. Fortunately society is not consistent in its moral and ethical day to day practice the fact that as individual human beings we are guided in varies situations by varies events that caused the situation, this becomes a bottom-up reasoning were we are in turn guided by other judgements which lead us to constantly re-evaluating our moral ground. References Nagal, T., What Does It All Mean? A very short introduction to Philosophy: Oxford University Press, 1987 Hirschleifer, J., Evolutionary Models: Cooperation versus Conflict Strategies, JAI Press, Greenwich 1982

Jane Eyre by Emily Bronte - 747 Words

... what mystery, that broke out, now in fire and now in blood, at the deadest hours of the night? What creature was it, that masked an ordinary womans face and shape, uttered the voice, now of a mocking demon, and anon of a carrion-seeking bird of prey? (Brontà « 221). A brief synopsis of Charlotte Brontà «s novel, Jane Eyre, is present in this short quote, which describes the mystery that is present within the novel. As well as its gothic sensation, romance is present as well, giving the novel its feminine characteristics. Foreshadowing is a main aspect which helps prolong the suspense in the novel. The element of foreshadowing helps the reader foresee the upcoming events in the novel. These gothic elements create a mysterious plot within the novel, which escalates during the climax. Novels in the Gothic Romance genre include many mysterious events, as well as a twisted love story. Jane Eyre is classified as a Gothic Romance due to its gloomy setting, elements of mystery and susp ense, and supernatural components. In like manner, Jane Eyre contained a gloomy setting that follows throughout the novel. The first main indication of Jane Eyre being a Gothic Romance was when Jane was living at Gateshead Hall. When Jane was sent to the red room, imagery was presented which links the room to the idea of death. . . .. it was in this chamber he breathed his last; . . . and, since that day, a sense of dreary consecration had guarded it from frequent intrusion (Brontà « 8). Having aShow MoreRelatedGothic Elements of Jane Eyre by Emily Bronte Essay2208 Words   |  9 PagesGothic Elements of Jane Eyre by Emily Bronte The term Gothic was popularly used in the late 18th century and throughout the 19th century and came to mean wild or barbaric. It was used to describe a distinct style of literature, which, in contrast to the strict moral codes of the time, allowed the author to introduce a novel full of wildness, passion and fantasy and to thrill their readers with tales of supernatural events and forbidden love. Gothic novels wereRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights Essay1220 Words   |  5 Pagesfamily background, the Brontà « sisters have both written novels centered on orphans’ pursuits of love that may have challenged civilized society. Emily Jane Brontà « and Charlotte Brontà « are among the six children born to Reverend Patrick Brontà « and Maria Branwell Brontà « (â€Å"Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬ ). The loss of their mother and two eldest sisters resulted in different responses between Charlotte and Emily, while Emily became shyer, Charlotte developed a dominant attitude (â€Å"Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬ ). 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Emily Brontà « wrote Wuthering Heights, and was published in 1847 under the name Ellis Bell (Behrens and Rosen 368). The author of Jane Eyre, who was also the sister of Emily Brontà «, was Charlotte Brontà «. This novel was published in 1847Read MoreJane Eyre Feminist Analysis1066 Words   |  5 Pageshysterical, impudent, and presumptuous for acting on their true nature or their intuition. Jane Eyre, a semi-autobiography by Charlotte Brontà «, is an exemplary novel where an untraditional heroine defies societal normality. The female protagonist Jane Eyre exhibits a self-created drive for personal success and a perpetual ambition to learn, characteristics customary of men. After the publication of Jane Eyre, many critics has viewed it through the feminist literary lenses, claiming it to contain biblicalRead MoreThe Other Bronte Sister: Charlotte Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesWould you expect a person who has endured countless tragedies to still achieve a life of success? 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In 1831, Charlotte became a student at the school at Roe Head, but soon leftRead MoreEssay on A Womans World in Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà «1145 Words   |  5 Pages too absolute a stagnation . . . † (Brontà « 129-130). Charlotte Brontà «, one of six Brontà « siblings, was a feminist author who lived and wrote during the beginning of the nineteenth century. It was a time when England was going through a slow but significant change, mainly surrounding the Industrial Revolution, but still preceding the days of any major feminist movements. Brontà « was angered that she had to write under a fake male name in order to have Jane Eyre published and read. 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Charlotte Brontà « tends to use more humor through her works, whi le Emily Brontà « uses more satire along with a sardonic tone. T hey both come together to have somewhat similar themes, making the moral of the story mentally