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Japans Purple Machine Essay -- Codes Communications Papers

Japan's Purple Machine Codes and figures have assumed numerous critical jobs in the previous 3000 years, ensuring the privileged insights of caesars and laymen. In World War II various countries utilized cryptographic frameworks to hide their mystery aims and plans from according to adversaries all over. Cryptanalysts, nonetheless, determined by the multifaceted nature of the crypto-frameworks, worked tenaciously, attempting to discover any kind of shortcoming that would permit a break into the figure and uncover the privileged insights contained inside. During the late 1930s two countries, Japan and the United States, were in a condition of extreme dealings with respect to different political clashes. The US attempting to in a roundabout way help the Allies set various conditions for Japan that kept her from accepting essential assets and setting out on its settled upon strategic its European companions. Amidst this, a machine figure, codenamed Purple was playing out an essential job in the war making str ategies for both Japan and the United States. A once in a while recounted anecdote about a mystery activity in the US associated with breaking Japan's most secure crypto-framework uncovers a genuinely exceptional arrangement of occasions that molded the result of WWII, yet additionally initiated the dispatch of various knowledge organizations for ensuring the residents of its countries and forestalling shock assaults, for example, the one on Pearl Harbor. Japan's New Cipher Machine In the mid 1930s, the Japanese Navy bought a business variant of the German Enigma and continued to adjust it by including highlights which improved its security (Kahn 6). The framework that advanced was one of the most secure cryptographic machines on the planet. The machine was codenamed Red by the US government and was utilized to scramble the most significant level ... ...ng. Walk 01, 2004. http://www.faircount.com/web04/pearlharbor/pdfs/codebreakers.pdf Incubate, A. David. Mystery and Purple: How the Allies Broke German and Japanese Codes During the War. Walk 06, 2004. http://cadigweb.ew.usna.edu/Lwdj/papers/cryptoday/incubate j,urple.ps Kahn, David. The Codebreakers. New York: Scribner, 1996. Kurzeja, Karen. Pearl Harbor and Ciphering Methods. Walk 1, 2004. http://raphael.math.uic.edu/Jeremy/tomb/contrib/kurzeja.html Momsen, Bill. Codebreaking and Secret Weapons in World War II. Walk 07, 2004. http://home.earthlink.net/â€nbrassl/3enigma.htm Perloff, James. Pearl Harbor. The New American. December 8, 1986. http://www.thenewamerican.com/offices/include/l 999/070499.htm Youthful, Frank Pierce. Fire and Blame at Pearl Harbor. The Responsibility Question. Walk 01, 2004. http://www.microworks.net/pacific/exceptional/flamel.htm

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Peace in the Middle East Essays - 1089 Words

The text begins its history with the Middle East around the time of Muhammad and the creation of Islam. From that time forth uprisings, demonstrations and acts of violence were commonplace and have continued to be since that time. To dig a little deeper and go back a little further in Middle East history one will find that this pattern of unrest stems from as far back as proof provides. To see a timeline of significant wars or battles of the Middle East, the picture is better illustrated on just how long this territory of earth has been in domestic or national conflict. The text briefly touches base on societal life before Islam when explaining how villages handled domestic disputes or punishments for crime. According to times then, it†¦show more content†¦Frequent discussions about the possibility of peace in the Middle East often route into the subject of Islam and the inability or lack of desire of the Middle East countries to separate state from religion. It is common to hear arguments blame â€Å"Islamic extremists† for the unsettled atmosphere of the Middle East. Where in some instances this may be accurate, it is highly inaccurate in most cases; but I would like to emphasize the word some. Going back to the timeline of the Middle East disputes, we can see that majority of these battles were not established out of religious means. Most were catapulted from land, tax, and regime issues. Take the Wars of the Hellenistic Monarchies in Syria in 318-170 B.C. for example. This is a demonstration of generations of war between the Sele ucids and Ptolemy’s in an effort to gain control of Syria. Does this differ in comparison to the decades long Palestinian/Israeli war? Not much. The only difference is that peace is on the world’s radar as something to strive for and ultimately achieve. As the Middle East continues to repeat history for very similar principles, the rest of the world is left wondering when it will all end; when in fact, the rest of the world’s countries and continents have all had a very similar history of conflict as well. Although the Middle East represents one of the oldest territories in the world, comparison of timeline battles to other countries is a bitShow MoreRelatedThe Peace Of The Middle East1445 Words   |  6 Pagesstate in the Middle East, there has been no time of peace between the many nations. After Israel was declared a nation, it was immediately rejected by the Palestinians and they rejected the partition of Palestine. Ever since then, Israel has been at war with its surrounding Middle Eastern neighbors multiple times. There has been a multitude of attempts to try and broker a peace throughout the Middle East and not a single plan has stood the test of time. The most noteworthy of these peace plan attemptsRead MorePeace in the Middle East1032 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst violent extremism in the Middle East. The President spoke about the great new era that is unfolding, founded on the equality of all people before God. This new era offers hope for the millions across the Middle East who seek a future of peace, progress, and opportunity. Unfortunately, these aspirations for liberty and justice are being threatened by extremists who murder the innocent in pursuit of power. Extremists Are Fomenting Instability In The Middle East One cause of instability isRead MorePeace in the Middle East Essay1991 Words   |  8 PagesPeace in the Middle East There will never be peace in the Middle East. The idea of peace in a certain region is a silly notion. What region has truly ever known peace? Allow me to rephrase my thesis: There will never be peace in the Middle East as long as western powers intervene into Arab affairs. It is common knowledge that throughout history western powers have colonized, occupied, and exploited indigenous people in the name of national interest, national security, and manifest destiny.Read MoreEssay on Will There Be Peace in the Middle East1461 Words   |  6 PagesIs peace possible in the Middle East? This question weighs heavy on the minds of many individuals and international players. Turmoil and conflict in the Middle East not only affects the people inhabiting this region, but also has global consequences. To answer this question, one must analyze the sources of conflict in the Middle East, historically, currently, and in the future. The limited amount of natural resources in this region has argua bly served as the most major source of conflict in the MiddleRead MoreThe Middle East Peace Process1849 Words   |  8 Pages This investigation will closely examine and show a detailed evaluation and explanation of the role played by Jimmy Carter in the Middle East peace process and will answer the question: For what reasons and in what ways did President Carter mediate the Camp David Accords and set the precedent for future peace agreement between the Arab World and Israel? The primary sources which will be evaluated are a biography of the life of Carter, which unfolds in an orderly manner the events that led up toRead MoreCan Peace in the Middle East Exist?1532 Words   |  7 PagesWill there or can there be peace in the Middle East? My answer may seem very contradictory but in my essay you will understand why. No there cant be any peace in the Middle East. Yes there will be peace in the Middle East. Peace will come only with Christs return. The very origin of Arabs began with Ishmael. God had given Abraham a promise of a son. Yet instead of waiting on God Sarah grew impatient and gave her handmaid to her husband to bare him a child because she was barren. I guessRead More The Middle East Peace Process Essay5569 Words   |  23 Pagesthe citizens of the Middle East have lived in the midst of death and fear. The hatred of a few holds the hopes of many hostage. The forces of extremism and terror are attempting to kill progress and peace by killing the innocent. And this casts a dark shadow over an entire region, President George W. Bush in his June 24, 2002 address to the nation. The conflict between Israel and Palestine is just one of the many facets that have shaped modern day politics in the Middle East. It is a conflictRead MoreThere Will Never Be Peace in the Middle East Essay1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of peace has been on the mind of historians, political leaders, and the general public for as long as our history has been recorded. Will there ever be peace in the Middle East? Will the age old battles, both foreign and domestic ever end? This question, pondered on throughout decades of Western civilization, has both a simple answer and a complex reasoning. To even begin to uncover the answer, one must understand the conflict and its deeply rooted origins to even draw a hypothesis of theRead MoreStrategic Piece Of Middle East Peace1189 Words   |  5 PagesStrategic Piece to Middle East Peace Over the past thousand years, Oman has occupied a key strategic space in the Middle East stratum. With its vast mountain ranges, desert terrain, and steep cliffs along the coast, Oman over the years has proven to be very difficult to invade. This has allowed Oman to repel the majority of attacks from foreign militaries and maintain their sovereignty. The Southern and Eastern coastline of the country represents the key that makes Oman so important to the strengthRead MoreThe Reasons Behind the Difficulties of Bringing Peace to the Middle East1179 Words   |  5 PagesThe Reasons Behind the Difficulties of Bringing Peace to the Middle East A major source of conflict in the Middle East during the last fifty years has been the dispute between Arabs and Jews over Palestine. For hundreds of years, the great majority of the people living in Palestine were Arabs. But at the end of the nineteenth century some Jews in Europe were becoming increasingly bitter about growing anti-Semitism. They started to talk about setting up a state of their

Was Appeasement Justified - 842 Words

Was Appeasement a ‘Mistake’? H/W 07.03.13 There are many arguments for and against appeasement before WW2. Appeasement was a policy between Britain, France and Germany. The policy meant that the allies would give Germany what they wanted as long as they didn’t start a war or cause trouble. The Dictionary definition of appeasement is: (Government, Politics amp; Diplomacy) the policy of acceding to the demands of a potentially hostile nation in the hope of maintaining peace. Many people now oppose the policy but not many people did at the time apart from the MP Winston Churchill. An argument for appeasement is that Germany deserved to have a better deal as The Treaty of Versailles, many British people thought, was too harsh. If†¦show more content†¦So each time he did an act of aggression and nobody did anything, he asked himself â€Å"Can I get away with even more?!† And of course he could. It is thought that Hitler was very nervous about taking soldiers into the Rhineland, but when nobody did anything he grew in confidence, and this encouraged him to make more demands for land. As well as this another reason against appeasement was that every time Germany took land, they got stronger, consequently becoming harder to defeat. So in some way Britain and France were helping (in the long term) Germany by giving things that helped them in the war. Many people think that the allies should have just have faced the music and fought the war there and then while Germany weren’t as strong as they were becoming. Moreover the appeasement scared th e Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). When Germany invaded Czechoslovakia France and Britain did not do anything hence why the USSR reached an agreement with Germany called the Nazi-Soviet Pact. The pact meant that Germany and Russia would not go to war with each other and invade Poland together and spilt it between the two countries. Hitler would never of been able to invade Poland if it meant getting past the USSR. Also Hitler always had one aim: Conquer the East. The allies should of know what Hitler was going to do, as he made it very in his speeches and letters that nothing was going to stopShow MoreRelatedJustifying Appeasement Essay example1192 Words   |  5 PagesJustifying Appeasement Appeasement was the foreign policy followed by the British and French governments in the 1930s, whereby they did not attack or confront other governments, specifically that of Germanys, when international laws were breached, but rather gave into some of the demands to keep the peace. After the horror and dramatic loss of innocent lives (amassing over 3 million) in the First World War, both the French and the British governments were keenRead MoreTo What Extent Was the Policy of Appeasement the Main Cause for the Outbreak of War in Europe in 1939?1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe policy of appeasement was widely pursued by Britain and France in the 1930s, when it referred to attempting to satisfy Germanys demands by negotiation and compromise, which would avoid war. However due to its failure the policy of appeasement, to a large extent was responsible for the outbreak of war in 1939. It is clear that if the Western Powers had retaliated against Hitler, war could have been avoided, it encouraged Hitler, Hitler could never be appeased, and that it prompted the Nazi-SovietRead MoreChamberlains Policy Toward Germany Essays816 Words   |  4 PagesChamberlains Policy Toward Germany Appeasement is the term used to describe the foreign policies of the British Conservative governments of Baldwin (1935-37) and Chamberlain (1937-40) and also those of France and America to a lesser extent. Appeasement involved making concessions to the two main dictators of Europe; Hitler and Mussolini. Hitler broke many of the stipulations of the Treaty of Versailles, yet nothing active was done, there was only spoken denunciation of his Read MoreCorinthians vs. Spartans Essay1366 Words   |  6 Pagesempire’s reason to attack a potential antagonist. An empire’s decision to preemptively attack is justified because the strategy deters a growing antagonist from attacking the empire and its allies. The Spartan inability to acknowledge Athenian aggression threatens the peace of the Peloponnesian alliance. The Corinthains initiate their position by addressing the ignorance of Sparta. â€Å"Time after time was our voice raised to warn you of the blows about to be dealt us by Athens, and time after timeRead MoreCanadian Foreign Policy of the 1930s: Comparison of Articles1220 Words   |  5 PagesExternal Policy, 1931-1939, noted that the policy of appeasement as part of a path to war was adopted by the then Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. These were however largely for self-interest reasons. On the contrary the view presented by Norman Hillmer in his Defence and Ideology: The Anglo-Canadian Military Alliance in the 1930s work that stated that a leaders hesitancy to be duly engaged in European affairs is mainly justified by the weakness in public support for various issuesRead MoreThe League Of Nations Of The United States1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe League of Nations, established in 1920, was in some respects responsible for the outbreak of war in 1939. Many argue it was the sole reason for the war; however it only played a small role in the already critical situation in Europe in the 1930’s. The policy of Appeasement, fascist ideologies throughout Germany and Italy and the Nazi-soviet Aggression pact were all, in their own respect responsible for the outbreak of war in 1939. The League of Nations played a small role in the outbreak ofRead MoreCauses Of The Treaty Of Versailles1418 Words   |  6 PagesVersailles, the rise of Hitler and National Socialism in Germany, the system of allies, and the greed and desire for expansion all brought this epic war upon the world. One cause was the Treaty of Versailles (1919). The Treaty of Versailles, signed June 28th, 1919, was created at the end of the First World War. The treaty was presented by the Allied powers, primarily the â€Å"Big Three† consisting of France, Britain, and the United States. The Treaty of Versailles created as many problems as it resolvedRead MoreThe Taming Of General Macarthur1712 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican foreign policy with his own hands by directly going against Truman s orders, which could have potentially escalated the conflict in Korea to World War III, President Harry S, was justified in relieving General Douglas MacArthur from his command of the U.S. forces in Korea. First of all, Truman s actions were justified by the fact that MacArthur s speeches and public statements spread around the world an incorrect position of U.S foreign policy in Korea, Li 2 which ended up causing many seriousRead MoreCauses of American Involvement in WWII Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pageson US soil was a pivotal beginning to the war for the United States. There were many reasons for the United States to get involved into the war and help its allies, but it was Pearl Harbor which forced us into it. Because of Pearl Harbor, Hitler and the crimes against humanity that he committed it justified United States entry into the war. But why did it even happen in the first place? The world was going to war again for the second time in 27 years(1). Economic depression was going on throughoutRead MoreMajor Cause Of World War Two ( 1939-1945 )1029 Words   |  5 Pageswithdrawing from the League of nations, Hitler s planned to strengthen the military and his troops entered Frances’ neighbor, Rhineland, in 1936. Germany now began forced anschluss, in other words, propaganda for annexing Austria (1938). Hitler justified this is an an act to restore all germans into one single homeland. Not wanting any military confrontation yet, European major powers (France and Britain) did nothing. In the same fashion, Hitler did this in Sudetenland, western Czechoslovakia and

Social Responsibility in Business Free Essays

In examining the mission statements of multiple companies, it is apparent that corporations claim to prioritize social responsibility. Companies like Whole Foods, Ben Jerry’s, Camano Island Coffee Roasters all actively contribute to different social causes. Even Philip Morris prioritizes â€Å"actively [participating] in societal concerns that are relevant to [its] businesses† over generating returns for its stockholders (Philip Morris, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Social Responsibility in Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many different views on the extent to which corporations should be involved in societal concerns. The three most prominent are the stockholder theory, the concept of social business, and the stakeholder theory. Of these, the stakeholder theory is the most appropriate. Because corporations are considered to be individuals within our society, they bear a certain amount of responsibility to their fellow citizens, so it is not enough for them to act only in the interest of their stockholders. However, corporations are entitled to earn profits, and therefore cannot be expected to act as purely social businesses. Consequently, businesses must look for a happy medium within the stakeholder theory, acting in the interests of the stockholders, customers, employees and civil society. Milton Friedman, a major proponent of the stockholder theory, argues that beyond legal compliance, â€Å"the social responsibility of business is to increase its profits,† meaning corporations hold responsibilities only to their shareholders and the law (Friedman, 1970). One of the main points he addresses is the fact that when a company manager spends the company’s money on a social cause, he/she takes away from the maximum possible returns to the stockholders. In addition to taking from the stockholders, the price of the product may rise, taking away from the consumer, or wages might fall, taking away from the employees. Because of this, the manager â€Å"is in effect imposing taxes, on the one hand, and deciding how the tax proceeds shall be spent, on the other† (Friedman, 1970). Friedman claims taxes are the responsibility of the government and giving the corporation’s money to a social cause is a form of taxation without representation. This would be the case if the manager were merely donating the funds to a cause of his/her choosing. However, Camano Island Coffee Roasters (CICR) supports its own industry by ensuring that they participate in Fair Trade. In addition to participating in Fair Trade, CICR helps the coffee farmers by making sure they own the land they work, as well as helping to keep their children well nourished (Gunter, 2007). By helping the farmers from whom CICR buys its coffee, it ensures that it can use â€Å"the top 1% of the available coffee market† (Gunter, 2007). As a result of its acts of altruism, Camano Island Coffee Roasters has been able to ensure a top quality product and consequently has been a very successful corporation. Friedman’s theory is also similar to the â€Å"trickle-down† theory. He believes that by maximizing profits, corporations will help the less fortunate by providing better goods and services as well as higher wages. However, like the â€Å"trickle-down† theory, the result is the CEOs of corporations make millions of dollars, whereas the lower level employees barely make enough to survive. Ben and Jerry’s is a perfect example of a company that does not abide by Friedman’s philosophy, and yet has been extraordinarily successful. They manage to provide the highest quality product possible, in addition to paying their employees what they call â€Å"living wage,† making sure the lowest paid employees are still making well above the minimum wage (LEDA article). For Ben and Jerry’s, the tax, as Friedman would call it, is taken from the highest paid employees of the company. An article reviewing Ben and Jerry’s business ethics says: â€Å"Consistent with [their mission for social responsibility], the highest paid employees of Ben Jerry’s would not earn more than seven times more than the lowest paid full-time employees† (LEDA article). Despite the success of socially responsible corporations, Friedman would argue that these companies would have had greater success if they had focused solely on turning higher profits. Therefore it is critical to consider the possibilities for corporations to act in an unethical manner even when complying with Friedman’s philosophy. When Ford released the Pinto, it was aware of the potential for customers to be killed due to a flaw in the Pinto’s design. Despite this knowledge, based on a cost-benefit analysis, Ford determined it would be less costly to deal with the law suits brought by people who were injured or killed rather than to recall and fix each car. Ford was well within the legal requirements for car safety at the time and legally sold the Pinto, despite the danger. However, by not considering the consequences of its actions beyond just the financial, Ford was responsible for over fifty deaths (American Decades, 2001). According to Friedman, this decision to value profit over human lives was perfectly ethical. On the other side of the pectrum from the stockholder-oriented philosophy is a new field of business called social business. By definition, a social business is a non-loss, non-dividend company whose focus is not on profits, but on furthering a social cause (Yunus, 2010). Nobel Peace prize laureate Muhammad Yunus is the founder of this field of corporate social responsibility. In 2006, Yunus collaborated with a Frenc h food company called Danone to launch the first social business, Grameen Danone. Its mission is to provide children in rural Bangladesh with nutrients that are lacking from their diet. An article on the Danone website says: â€Å"the success of the project will above all be judged on non-financial criteria: the number of direct and indirect jobs created (milk producers, small wholesalers, door to door sellers), improvements to children’s health, protection of the environment etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Danone, 2011). However, based on the way we currently measure the success of corporations, Grameen Danone would appear to be a very unsuccessful business. Do social businesses and non-profit organizations necessitate a change in the conventional methods of determining the success of a corporation? It is highly unlikely that many corporations will adopt such a radical method as social business. Therefore, while social businesses should be commended, and even used as inspiration, for their contribution to society, it is more reasonable for corporations to focus on the interests of both their stockholders and community. R. Edward Freeman is one of the founders of the stakeholder theory, which says that companies hold responsibilities to five main groups including shareholders, consumers and the general public. Unlike social business, Freeman’s stakeholder theory is not meant to be a foil to the stockholder theory, but instead, Freeman argues that the views of both Friedman and Yunus are just narrower versions of the stakeholder theory (Theoretical and Pedagogical Issues). Freeman says that in modern society businesses must consider multiple stakeholders when making decisions. Whole Foods provides an example of a company which takes into account more than just making profits. Whole Foods purchases its products from local farmers despite the fact that this raises the costs of its goods. Even though this may hurt its checkbook, Whole Foods is able to sell healthier and higher quality products while also supporting its local community. In addition to performing altruistic acts, many of Whole Foods’ customers are loyal because of its ethical methods of doing business (Conversation with John Mackey, 2011). Whole Foods also goes beyond merely making profits by creating trust with its employees. When executing a merger with the company Wild Oats, Whole Foods needed to close down many of the Wild Oats locations because they were in markets where there were already Whole Foods stores located. However, instead of firing the Wild Oats workers, Whole Foods offered solid job security and alternate positions at the existing Whole Foods locations. In an interview, in regards to the job security offered to Wild Oats employees, Whole Foods CEO John Mackey said, â€Å"First of all, that’s the right thing to do, and secondly, if people have a lot of anxiety that they could lose their jobs, that inhibits their ability to learn and adapt. I feel you’ve got to offer security if you want to get people to move forward. Otherwise they’re too scared. † (John Mackey Interview, 2008) Not only does this stakeholder approach to business result in societally beneficial actions, but it also leads to more efficient, harder working employees. However, there are problems with the stakeholder approach to business ethics. Many argue that an adoption of stakeholder theory, over stockholder, would â€Å"[undermine] shareholder property rights†¦ and discourage equity investment† (Ethics Gone Wrong, 2000). Advocates of this concept claim that because corporations must cater to the needs of groups other than their shareholders, the â€Å"potential of [the stockholders’] investment†¦ diminishes significantly† (Ethics Gone Wrong, 2000). Contrary to this idea, investment vehicles like the Calvert Investment Mutual Fund provide â€Å"investment portfolios that integrate two distinct research frameworks: a rigorous review of financial performance, and a thorough assessment of environmental, social and governance performance. † (Calvert Investments, 2011). The success of the Calvert Mutual Fund provides evidence that even when considering corporations that apply stakeholder-oriented business practices, the value and â€Å"trade-ability† of equity capital does not diminish. Therefore, even if most corporations adopt a stakeholder-oriented perspective, the effects on the stock market and on equity capital will be much less severe than critics predict. Another issue often addressed by critics of the stakeholder theory is that an adoption of the stakeholder philosophy would result in an increase in self-serving behavior among managers. This is because managers will be able to appeal to the conflicting demands of different stakeholders in order to circumvent certain responsibilities, as well as indulge in self-serving behaviors. Advocates of stockholder-oriented business claim that adopting the stakeholder philosophy will not only multiply the amount of self-serving managers, but will also make it even more difficult to discipline such behavior. Alexei M. Marcoux, a critic of the stakeholder theory, says, â€Å"Between the ability of managers to justify their self-serving behavior in terms of the balanced pursuit of stakeholder interests†¦ and the protections that a stakeholder-oriented corporate law must afford to managers†¦ the accountability of managers for their actions must necessarily suffer. (Ethics Gone Wrong, 2000). However, if firms are so intent on adhering to a strict ethical code, there will be internal means by which such dishonorable behavior can be disciplined. Furthermore, in the hiring process, firms will ensure that managers will not act in self-serving ways, but instead maintain high ethical standards. Among the various philosophies regarding the social responsibility of busine sses there is a spectrum ranging from exclusively profit-oriented to solely serving the community. However, because corporations are considered individuals within our society, it is incumbent upon them to use their position to achieve a balance between the responsibilities they hold to their shareholders and the responsibilities they hold to the other member of the society. Therefore, corporations should adhere to stakeholder-oriented business ethics. Bibliography: Yunus, Mohammad. Building Social Business. New York, NY: PublicAffairs, 2010. Print. â€Å"The Ford Pinto Case. †Ã‚  American Decades. 2001. Encyclopedia. com. 5 May. 2011  http://www. encyclopedia. om. Makower, Joel. â€Å"Milton Friedman and the Social Responsibility of Business. †Ã‚  World Changing(2006): n. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. http://www. worldchanging. com/archives/005373. html. Marcoux, Alexei. â€Å"Business Ethics Gone Wrong. â€Å"CATO Institute  22. 3 (2000): n. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. http://www. cato. org/pubs/policy_report/v22n3/cpr-22n3. html. Hooker, John. â€Å"Why Business Ethics?. † (2003): n. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. http://web. tepper. cmu. edu/ethics/whybizethics. pdf. Freeman, Edward, Ramakrishna Velamuri, and Brian Moriarty. Company Stakeholder Responsibility: A New Approach to CSR. †Ã‚  Business Roundtable Institute for Corporate Ethics  (2006): n. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. http://www. darden. virginia. edu/corporate-ethics/pdf/csr. pdf. Fassin, Yves. â€Å"The Stakeholder Model Re? ned. â€Å"Journal of Business Ethics  83. (2006): 113-135. Web. 5 May 2011. http://www. austincc. edu/njacobs/1370_Ethics/Ethics_Articles/Stakeholder. pdf. Tupate, Patel. â€Å"Ben Jerry’s a Moo-del of Corporate Social Responsibility. †Ã‚  LEDA  n. pag. LEDA at Harvard Law School. Web. 5 May 2011. http://leda. law. harvard. edu/leda/data/236/Patel,_Tupate_-_Paper. html. Gunter, Marie. â€Å"Fair Trade or Fairly Traded?. â€Å"Articlesbase. 2007. Web. 5 May 2011. http://www. articlesbase. com/environment-articles/fair-trade-or-fairly-traded-fair-economy-promoters-share-views-with-onegreenglobecom-community-253833. html. Freeman, Edward, Andrew Wicks, and Thomas Jones. â€Å"Stakeholder Theory: The State of the Art. â€Å"Theoretical and Pedagogical Issues  n. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. http://www. blackwellpublishing. om/content/BPL_Images/Content_store/Sample_chapter/0631221220%5Cbowie. pdf. â€Å"Public Trust in Business- John Mackey of Whole Foods. †Ã‚  Business Ethics and Leadership. Web. 5 May 2011. http://josephsoninstitute. org/business/blog/tag/r-edward-freeman/. Danone Website: http://www. danone. com/en/what-s-new/focus-4. html Calvert Investments Website: http://www. calvert. com/products-funds-by-sri-approach. html Philip morris Website: htt p://www. philipmorrisusa. com/en/cms/Company/Mission_Values/default. aspx? src=top_nav How to cite Social Responsibility in Business, Papers

The Effects of Hip Hop Music free essay sample

The Effects of Hip Hop Music on Todays Youth If a person was born anywhere between the 1980s to the 1990s, he or she is considered a part of the Hip Hop Generation. Music is a gift that has been given to us, but the question is, where is hip hop music going? Hip-hop is now one of the biggest and fastest growing businesses in the world. Its creativity in sound, and its lyrics have impressed and empowered many of todays youth. But is hip-hop music taking todays youths where they need to be? Lyrically, some of hip-hops most popular songs and musicians have negatively influenced violence, drugs, alcohol, sex, disrespect for authority, and disrespect for woman. For many young children and teenagers, this type of music can create an environment that can become detrimental to their lives and education. Parents teach their children to say no to drugs but the rappers whom children look up to are rapping about using drugs and imply that its okay to use them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Hip Hop Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, children will listen to the side that has the most influential power to them. Many who constantly rewind a song and memorize the lyrics, are equally influenced just as if they were placed directly in front of the violence and sex and observed them. Statistics has proven that many nightclubs that have had violence occur in them have been playing violent hip-hop music. Hip-hop is like a strong tornado that constantly sweeps us up and spits us back out. But whom its sweeping up are the ones who cannot handle the fall once they are thrown back out. Hip-hop will become better once the artists not only think of their pockets but their listeners, who after all, are listening the most! The Negative Impact Of Rap Music On TodayS Youth The Negative Impact of Rap Music on Todays Youth Todays rap music has changed dramatically since the 1970s. Rap music has become the most popular type of music in the U. S. Rap music can give people entertainment and can also tell a story in someones life. According to the American Heritage Dictionary, rap music is defined as, a style of music associated with urban street gangs and characterized by violent, tough talking, often misogynistic lyrics (Miffin, 2000). Rap music was formed in the mid-1970 among the youth in South Bronx and rap artists like, Afrika Bambata, Kool Herc, and Grandmaster Flash. Do to the enormous popularity of Run DMC; rap had crossed over on the music charts and radio stations all over the world (Toms, 2006, p1). Rap music was about having fun, being able to express what youth were feeling and a way to keep youth out of trouble. There are many youth that find rap music an exceptional source of entertainment. According to McGarrell, the lyrics in rap music can leave one relaxed or with vibrant beats. However, rap music has changed dramatically in the past 30 years. Some would say that rap music is the common entertainment to blame for violence in todays youth, because of the contents in its lyrics; degrading videos to women; and the over exposed feuding between rap artists. The glorification of living a thug life, and all it is encompassed, became the means by which all rap artists were judged.